Substituted phenidates
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Substituted phenidates (also known as phenidates) refer to a class of compounds that predominantly produce traditional stimulant effects when administered. A substituted phenidate may be defined as an ester of ritalinic acid and its analogs.
Chemistry
Substituted phenidates are a chemical class based upon the molecule methylphenidate. The molecular structure of methylphenidate is comprised of a phenethylamine core with a carbon chain substitution at the Rα position that links to the RN position, forming a piperidine ring. It also includes a substitution at the Rβ position of methyl acetate.
Pharmacology
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Substituted phenidates primarily act as reuptake inhibitors of the monoamine neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine, and to a much lesser degree, serotonin. One study found that all substituted phenidates inhibited the norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake transporters 4 to >1,000-fold more potently than the serotonin transporter.[1]
List of substituted phenidates
| Compound | R3 | R4 | RO | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Methylphenidate | H | H | CH3 | 
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| Ethylphenidate | H | H | CH2CH3 | 
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| Isopropylphenidate | H | H | CH(CH3)2 | 
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| Propylphenidate | H | H | CH2CH2CH3 | 
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| 4-Methylmethylphenidate | H | CH3 | CH3 | 
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| 3,4-CTMP | Cl | Cl | CH3 | 
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| 4F-MPH | H | F | CH3 | 
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| 4F-EPH | H | F | CH2CH3 | 
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| Methylnaphthidate (HDMP-28) | CH=CH- | CH=CH- | CH3 | 
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| Ethylnaphthidate (HDEP-28) | CH=CH- | CH=CH- | CH2CH3 | 
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See also
External links
Literature
- Luethi, D., Kaeser, P. J., Brandt, S. D., Krähenbühl, S., Hoener, M. C., & Liechti, M. E. (2017). Pharmacological profile of methylphenidate-based designer drugs. Neuropharmacology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.08.020
References
- ↑ Luethi, D., Kaeser, P. J., Brandt, S. D., Krähenbühl, S., Hoener, M. C., Liechti, M. E. (May 2018). "Pharmacological profile of methylphenidate-based designer drugs". Neuropharmacology. 134: 133–140. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.08.020. ISSN 0028-3908.