Omberacetam
| Summary sheet: Omberacetam |
| Omberacetam | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Chemical Nomenclature | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common names | Noopept, Ноопепт, GVS-111, Omberacetam | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Systematic name | N-Phenylacetyl-L-prolylglycine ethyl ester | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class Membership | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Psychoactive class | Nootropic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chemical class | Peptide | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Routes of Administration | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Omberacetam (also known as GVS-111 and Noopept[1]) is a nootropic substance of the peptide class. Omberacetam is promoted and prescribed in Russia and neighbouring countries as a nootropic with neuroprotective properties.
Omberacetam is easily accessible through the use of online vendors as a legal dietary supplement in the U.S. and as a medication in other countries. It is growing in popularity due to its effectiveness as a cognitive enhancing compound and because its active dose range is between 10 and 30 mg, which is much lower than compounds that offer similar effects such as the racetams. When compared to the traditional racetams, omberacetam has been found to be, according to studies, 1000 times more potent than the prototypical racetam drug, piracetam.
As a peptide, the oral bioavailability is very low. Insufflation and sublingual administration are sometimes preferred because its absolute bioaccessibility is on average 10%.[2] To supplement omberacetam, it is recommended to take 10 – 30 mg once a day for up to 56 days at a time with extended breaks in between each period of usage[3][4]. While many users begin with 10mg per day, doses of 5mg per day for 56 days have been known to be highly effective.
Omberacetam is not technically a racetam molecule (due to not having a 2-oxo-pyrollidine skeleton). Despite this fact, many people still incorrectly consider it a member of the racetam family.
Chemistry
Omberacetam, or N-phenylacetyl-L-prolylglycine ethyl ester, is a synthetic peptide. A peptide is a chain of simple amino acids linked by peptide bonds. Omberacetam contains a phenylacetyl subunit bound to a small peptide chain of proline and glycine. The proline amino acid is composed of a carboxylic acid group bound to a pyrrolidine ring at C2. The glycine amino acid is bound to proline with a peptide bond. The glycine residue also has been esterified with an ethyl group. Omberacetam is structurally similar to the endogenous neuropeptide cycloprolylglycine, for which it is a prodrug. Omberacetam is a dipeptide conjugate of piracetam although it is not a racetam as it lacks a pyrrolidone cycle.
Pharmacology
Omberacetam modulates the acetylcholine system as well as the AMPA receptors.[5] This modulation essentially allows acetylcholine to accumulate at higher levels than that which it otherwise would. As acetylcholine is involved in the function of memory, this could potentially account for its nootropic effects. Some research also suggests that NMDA receptors are involved in omberacetam's mechanism of action.[6][7]
Subjective effects
Disclaimer: The effects listed below cite the Subjective Effect Index (SEI), an open research literature based on anecdotal user reports and the personal analyses of PsychonautWiki contributors. As a result, they should be viewed with a healthy degree of skepticism.
It is also worth noting that these effects will not necessarily occur in a predictable or reliable manner, although higher doses are more liable to induce the full spectrum of effects. Likewise, adverse effects become increasingly likely with higher doses and may include addiction, severe injury, or death ☠.
Physical effects 
-
- Stimulation - The stimulation which omberacetam presents can be considered as primarily subtle and encouraged rather than forceful and distinct.
- Spontaneous physical sensations - The "body high" which omberacetam presents can be described as a faint, all-encompassing, soft and consistent tingling sensation.
- Headaches
Visual effects 
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- Acuity enhancement
- Colour enhancement - Some anecdotal reports state that it makes colours appear more vibrant.
- Visual haze
Experience reports
There are currently no anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our experience index. Additional experience reports can be found here:
Toxicity and harm potential
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational omberacetam use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact toxic dosage is unknown. This is because omberacetam has very little history of human usage. Anecdotal evidence from people who have tried omberacetam within the community suggest that there do not seem to be any negative health effects attributed to simply trying this drug at low to moderate doses by itself and using it sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed).
It is strongly recommended that one use harm reduction practices when using this drug.
High doses of omberacetam (above 20 mg) can cause short-term memory loss, brain fog, irritability, sleep disturbances, and headache[3].
Tolerance and addiction potential
The chronic use of omberacetam can be considered as non-addictive with a low potential for abuse. It does not seem to be capable of causing psychological dependence among users.
Tolerance to many of the effects of omberacetam develops over several weeks of prolonged and repeated use.[citation needed] This results in users having to administer increasingly larger doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about 3 - 7 days for the tolerance to be reduced to half and 1 - 2 weeks to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). Omberacetam may present cross-tolerance with all racetam nootropics, meaning that after the consumption of omberacetam certain nootropics such as coluracetam and piracetam may have a reduced effect.
Dangerous Interactions
- Psychedelics - Anecdotal reports suggest that combining psychedelics with omberacetam strongly intensifies psychedelics effects. Independent research and caution are strongly advised before using these drugs in combination.
Legal status
- Australia: Omberacetam is a Schedule 4 prescription drug and needs a valid prescription to be taken. It is not sold within the country.[9]
- Canada: Omberacetam does not have a Drug Identification Number (DIN), meaning that it cannot be imported for resale or distribution. Omberacetam is not scheduled nor controlled in Canada, making import for personal reasons legal.[citation needed]
- Russia: Noopept in Russia is a drug of medicine and is available without a prescription.[10]
- United Kingdom: Omberacetam is illegal to produce, supply, or import under the Psychoactive Substance Act, which came into effect on May 26th, 2016.[11]
- United States: Omberacetam has no schedule assigned to it in the United States, making it unregulated and therefore legally available for anyone in the country to buy, possess and use.[citation needed] The Food and Drug Administration has nevertheless issued import alerts for imports of Omberacetam, considering it an analog of piracetam. FDA considers such racetam-family substances Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) that require new drug applications and adequate labelling before being imported.[12] Similarly, warnings have been issued for claims of medical and pharmacological effects of this officially non-drug substance.[13]
See also
External links
References
- ↑ PubChem, Noopept
- ↑ Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 38, No. 12, pp. 3 – 5, December, 2004.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Neznamov, G. G., Teleshova, E. S. (March 2009). "Comparative studies of Noopept and piracetam in the treatment of patients with mild cognitive disorders in organic brain diseases of vascular and traumatic origin". Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology. 39 (3): 311–321. doi:10.1007/s11055-009-9128-4. ISSN 0097-0549.
- ↑ IJEST (2021), Finding the optimal dosage for nootropic agent Noopept: An analysis of available literature
- ↑ Ostrovskaia, R. U., Gudasheva, T. A., Voronina, T. A., Seredenin, S. B. (October 2002). "[The original novel nootropic and neuroprotective agent noopept]". Eksperimental’naia I Klinicheskaia Farmakologiia. 65 (5): 66–72. ISSN 0869-2092.
- ↑ Andreeva, N. A., Stel’mashuk, E. V., Isaev, N. K., Ostrovskaya, R. U., Gudasheva, T. A., Viktorov, I. V. (2000). "[No title found]". Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 130 (10): 969–972. doi:10.1023/A:1002828707337. ISSN 0007-4888.
- ↑ Kovalev, G. I., Vorob’ev, V. V., Akhmetova, E. R. (August 1999). "NMDA component in the effects of piracetam and new nootropic peptide GVS-111 on the neocortical and hippocampal EEG in conscious rats". Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 128 (2): 822–825. doi:10.1007/BF02433825. ISSN 0007-4888.
- ↑ "Dr. Rita Ostrovskaya on omberacetam tolerance".
Tolerance? No, there is no tolerance. No. No, tolerance because we advise that people use [omberacetam], and then take an interval. For example, [take it] three times per year.
- ↑ Administration, A. G. D. of H. T. G. (2019), 1.2 Racetams
- ↑ Государственный реестр лекарственных средств
- ↑ Psychoactive Substances Act 2016
- ↑ Import Alert 66-66
- ↑ Nutrition, C. for F. S. and A. (2019), Peak Nootropics LLC aka Advanced Nootropics - 557887 - 02/05/2019