Category:Panels - PsychonautWiki

Category:Panels

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Please visit /r/replications for our community subreddit on the topic of hallucinogenic replications where more examples of these images are regularly submitted.

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Disclaimer:

This guide is provided for informational and educational purposes only. We do not encourage you to break the law and cannot claim any responsibility for your actions.

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Warnings

intense trips {{Warning/Short-acting intense trips}}

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A trip sitter is recommended with this substance that often is smoked in heavy doses. Short-acting intense trips may cause mental and physical side effects days after the hit has been taken.

The overwhelming effects often require post-processing. It may take 2 days before physical side effects become noticeable, like shift in hearing. Using additional substances without a break (2 days + a few days to recover if you notice any side effects) increases the risk to get a bad post-trip.

{{Warning/4-PO-5-MeO-DMT and 4-PO-5-HO-DMT}}

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4-PO-5-MeO-DMT and 4-PO-5-HO-DMT may be neurotoxic

Compared to related indoles and tryptamines lacking substitutions at the 5,6-position, these new molecules might possess neurotoxic or convulsive properties due to their structure, suggesting potentially shared negative effects.

{{Warning/Alcohol}}

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Alcohol is among the most used drugs

Alcohol uniquely decreases suggestibility in a dose-dependent manner.[1][2] Its usage may be directly antithetical to the pursuit of psychonautics.

Alcohol is a neurotoxin and Group 1 carcinogen.[3][4] Alcohol is a teratogen and may cause fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs). The World Health Organization emphasizes, "there is no safe amount that does not affect health.". Alarmingly, the WHO also highlighted that nearly half of all alcohol-attributable cancers in the European Region are linked to consumption, even from "light" or "moderate" drinking.[5] Alcohol is a drug.

{{Warning/Alcohol induced dose dumping (AIDD)}}

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Alcohol may be dangerous to combine with modified-release dosage medications.

This dose dumping effect is an unintended rapid release of large amounts of a given drug, when administered through a modified-release dosage while co-ingesting ethanol.[6] This is considered a pharmaceutical disadvantage due to the high risk of causing drug-induced toxicity by increasing the absorption and serum concentration above the therapeutic window of the drug. The best way to prevent this interaction is by avoiding the co-ingestion of both substances or using specific controlled-release formulations that are resistant to AIDD.

{{Warning/2C-P}}

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2C-P is very difficult to dose properly.

Due to its unusually slow onset, long duration, and steep dose-response curve, it is strongly discouraged to re-dose 2C-P earlier than every 3 hours to a total of 2 milligrams above a previously evaluated dose. Also, even for experienced trippers, it is advised to not go above a common dose for the first time (see dosage table) per 70 kg body weight, as the session will last for several times longer compared to most psychedelics. Please see this section for more details.

{{Warning/2C-T-7}}

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Serious injury or death may occur if 2C-T-7 is insufflated or combined with certain substances and medications (e.g. MAOIs or RIMAs)[7][8][9]

It is strongly discouraged to insufflate (snort), eyeball, administer non-orally, or combine this substance with certain other substances. Please see this section for more details.

{{Warning/3-HO-PCE}}

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The toxicity and risks of 3-HO-PCE are as of this time totally unknown and there is evidence to suggest that it may be significantly more dangerous to use than any previous member of the arylcyclohexylamine class.

It should be noted that this substance has been speculated to come with the unique risk of fatal respiratory overdose due to its combination of potent opioid and dissociative effects. Until more is learned about this substance, users are advised to approach this substance with extreme caution, if not avoid it entirely, due to the unpredictable dangers that may come with its use.

{{Warning/3-MeO-PCE}}

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3-MeO-PCE may have a higher risk of causing mania, delusions, and psychosis than other dissociatives.

It is strongly discouraged to take this substance in high dosages, for multiple days in a row, or in combination with other substances known to increase the risk of psychosis. Please see this section for more details.

{{Warning/3-MeO-PCP}}

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3-MeO-PCP may be more likely to cause mania, delusions, and psychosis than other dissociatives.[10][11][12]

It is strongly discouraged to take this substance in high dosages, for multiple days in a row, or in combination with other substances that increase the risk of psychosis. Please see this section for more details.

{{Warning/5-MeO-DMT}}

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WARNING: 5-MeO-DMT is not a valid substitute for DMT.

Despite what their names might suggest, 5-MeO-DMT and DMT have distinct effects and risk profiles and should be regarded as completely separate entities. Please see this this section for more information.

{{Warning/Acetylfentanyl}}

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Death may occur when Acetylfentanyl is combined with depressants such as opiates, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, gabapentinoids, thienodiazepines or other GABAergic substances.[13]

It is strongly discouraged to combine either heavy or moderate dosages of these substances together.

{{Warning/Barbiturates}}

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Death may occur when barbiturates are combined with depressants such as opiates, benzodiazepines, gabapentinoids, thienodiazepines, alcohol or other GABAergic substances.[13]

It is strongly discouraged to consume moderate to heavy dosages of these substances together.

{{Warning/Belladonna}}

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Belladonna is known to cause dangerous and extremely unpleasant experiences.

Please use responsible use practices when trying this drug and always have a trip sitter.

{{Warning/BHO}}

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Do not perform this procedure indoors.

Due to the explosive nature of the solvents involved, attempting this procedure in underventilated areas (e.g. such as a small apartment room or basement) can result in serious injury, death or the destruction of property.

{{Warning/Black tar heroin}}

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Black tar heroin is dangerous to inject

It's not practical to make black tar heroin sterile, for example, by heating a solution with a lighter for a minute. Black tar heroin injection is associated with Clostridium botulinum infection. Prion: "For prion elimination, various recommendations state 121–132 °C (250–270 °F) for 60 minutes or 134 °C (273 °F) for at least 18 minutes."[14] A pressure cooker reach 120 °C at full pressure. However, we don't recommend black tar heroin injection even if you own a pressure cooker with a PSI meter due to lack of safety data.

{{Warning/Bufo secretions}}

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Some bufo secretions are toxic

The toxic substances found in toads can be divided by chemical structure in two groups:

  1. bufadienolides, which are cardiac glycosides (e.g., bufotalin, bufogenin)
  2. tryptamine-related substances (e.g., bufotenin)
Ingestion of digoxin-like cardiac glycosides can be fatal. Ingestion of Bufo toad poison and eggs by humans has resulted in several reported cases of poisoning,[15][16][17] some of which resulted in death. A court case in Spain, involving a physician who dosed people with smoked Mexican Toad poison, one of his customers died after inhaling three doses, instead of the usual of only one, had images of intoxicated with this smoke suffering obvious hypocalcemic hand muscular spasms.[17][18][19]

{{Warning/Cannabis}}

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Cannabis is common, and its tolerance is moderate, so intoxication can occur frequently. Frequent use of cannabis with more than 10% THC increased the risk of developing a psychotic disorder. 5% THC provides pain relief as well as intoxication.[20] We recommend you to dilute your cannabis product (see below).

Analysis of data from 901 patients showed that the use of high-potency cannabis (THC content ≥10%) was associated with a modestly increased risk of developing a psychotic disorder compared to never using cannabis.[21]

Street cannabis has an average THC content of 12%,[22] and medical cannabis products have more than 10% THC.[20] We recommend you to weigh and dilute cannabis buds, and hashish, with 3 times more, and 10 times more hemp respectively. Avoid mixing with tobacco to avoid nicotine: Stimulants should be used with caution in combination with [quasi-]psychedelics including cannabis.

{{Warning/Cocoa strains}}

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Cocoa is yummy! However, some cocoa strains have high caffeine content, and stimulants combined with psychedelics should be used with caution.

The Forastero strain contains virtually no caffeine, while the Criollo contains a lot of caffeine.

To make chocolate, it's safer to mix cocoa solids with specified strain and white chocolate, or just using white chocolate, rather than using baking chocolate without any strain declared in the ingredients.

{{Warning/Desoxypipradrol}}

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Desoxypipradrol may lead to states of psychosis, mania and addiction at a significantly higher rate than other stimulants.

Due to its unusually long half-life and extreme potency, it is strongly discouraged to abuse this substance in high doses, multiple days in a row, or in combination with other substances known to increase the risk of psychosis. Please see this section for more details.

{{Warning/Ephylone}}

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Ephylone has been linked to numerous overdoses and deaths.

It is strongly discouraged to use this substance in high doses, multiple times in a row, or in combination with other substances known to increase the risk of psychosis or serotonin syndrome. Please see this section for more details.

{{Warning/Fentanyl}}

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This substance is extraordinarily potent (i.e. active in the microgram range). For this reason, it should be handled with extreme care and never be eyeballed. Fentanyl can also be fatal when combined with depressants such as opiates, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, gabapentinoids, thienodiazepines or other GABAergic substances.[13]

It is strongly encouraged to wear gloves while handling, use volumetric dosing combined with a milligram scale, and to not consume either moderate or heavy dosages of other depressants in combination with this drug.

{{Warning/Hyoscyamus niger}}

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Hyoscyamus niger is known to cause dangerous and extremely unpleasant experiences.

Please use responsible use practices when trying this drug and always have a trip sitter.

{{Warning/Ibogaine}}

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Ibogaine can cause life-threatening heart complications.[23]

It is strongly discouraged to use this substance in high doses or for multiple days in a row. Additionally, a trip sitter with proper medical training and equipment must be present. Please see this section for more details.

{{Warning/Ibotenic acid}}

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It is important to convert ibotenic acid to muscimol before consumption.

Please read Fly agaric: Ibotenic acid decarboxylation to muscimol to learn how to convert the relatively neurotoxic compound (speculated to be a stimulant[24][25]) ibotenic acid to muscimol.

Also, novel edibles "Amanita Mushroom Gummies" contain a substantial amount of ibotenic acid along with muscimol and muscarine. Given the toxicity of ibotenic acid, the consumption of those preparations even in small doses should be avoided![26]

A 1998 publication listed Muscimol as an Extremely Hazardous Substance (EHS) on the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) list. However, a later document from 2006 shows it was removed from the list.

{{Warning/MAOI}}

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Always check if your MAOIs also inhibit other substances. Most MAOIs are also cytochrome P450 inhibitors and some are also acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs)

Substances that inhibits the cytochrome P450 system’s ability to metabolize certain drugs, leading to an overall increase in processing times.

{{Warning/Mandrake}}

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Mandrakes are very poisonous and known to cause dangerous and extremely unpleasant experiences.

Please use responsible use practices when trying this drug and always have a trip sitter.

{{Warning/MDMA-Pills}}

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Do not trust underground brand names, they are easily falsified

The previously good reputation of 'Mistubishi's' amongst ecstasy-users has been dealt a blow with the discovery of deadly batches (PMA has been found in White Mitsubishi,[27] PMMA has been found in Red Mitsubishi[28])

{{Warning/MDPV}}

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MDPV may cause psychosis, mania and addiction at a significantly higher rate than other stimulants.

Due to its unusually long duration, extreme potency, and compulsive nature, it is strongly discouraged to abuse this substance in high doses, multiple days in a row, or in combination with other drugs known to increase the risk of psychosis. MDPV is one of several designer drugs that has been sold as "bath salt" both in the US and in Europe; In a four-year period between September 2009 and August 2013, the European Union (EU) reported a concerningly high number of MDPV-related deaths, reaching 99.[29]

Please see this section for more details.

{{Warning/Mushroom hunting}}

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Hunting psychoactive mushrooms in nature can be very dangerous.

Caution is advised because poisonous or deadly mushrooms can easily be mistaken for edible ones.

{{Warning/Morning glory}}

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Commercial seeds are often treated with fungicides

It is important to note that each seed is treated with fungicides and other toxic substances, which can further exacerbate the toxicity levels.[30]

{{Warning/Nicotine}}

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The nicotine metabolite N-nitrosonornicotine is classified as a IARC Group 1 carcinogen

Nicotine in the mouth and stomach can react to form N-nitrosonornicotine,[31] a known type 1 carcinogen,[32] suggesting that consumption of non-tobacco forms of nicotine may still play a role in carcinogenesis.[33] This suggests that even non-tobacco forms of nicotine (except nicotine patches) might contribute to cancer risk.

{{Warning/Nitrous oxide}}

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Nitrous oxide can cause irreversible neurotoxic damages

Frequent and/or chronic use can cause vitamin B12 depletion, such as other rapidly vitamin B12 depleting substance, may lead to severe nerve damage.[34] We recommend that you always supplement with vitmamin B12 if you use this substance, regardless dose and frequency to be on the safe side. Especially those with "decreased vitamin B12 absorption, such as in those with small bowel resection, irritable bowel disease, and/or pernicious anemia, and those with reduced intake, such as in vegans and vegetarians".[35] Additionally, improper use puts the user at risk of oxygen deprivation. It is highly advised to use harm reduction practices if using this substance.

{{Warning/Nitrous oxide - Containers}}

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Please recycle empty whipped cream containers.

Whipped-cream chargers dumped in nature.

{{Warning/PCE}}

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PCE may cause psychosis and mania at a significantly higher rate than other dissociatives.[36][37]

It is strongly discouraged to use this substance in high doses or multiple days in a row. Please see this section for more details.

{{Warning/PCP}}

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PCP may cause psychosis and mania at a significantly higher rate than other dissociatives.[38][39]

It is strongly discouraged to use this substance in high doses or multiple days in a row. Please see this section for more details.

{{Warning/PhenibutOD}}

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Death may potentially occur when phenibut is combined with depressants such as opiates, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, gabapentinoids, thienodiazepines or other GABAergic substances.[13]

It is strongly discouraged to consume moderate to heavy dosages of these substances together.

{{Warning/PMA}}

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PMA can cause life-threatening side effects (such as hyperthermia and serotonin syndrome) even at moderate doses.

As a result, using this substance is strongly discouraged. It is also advised to always test your MDMA for the presence of PMA using a reagent testing kit as it is a common adulterant. Please see this section for more details.

{{Warning/PMMA}}

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PMMA can cause serious side effects even at moderate doses, such as hyperthermia and serotonin syndrome, which can easily result in death or hospitalization.

As a result, it is strongly discouraged to use this substance. Please see this section for more details.

{{Warning/Sufentanil}}

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Sufentanil is extraordinarily potent (i.e. active in the micrograms), to the point that the pure powder can result in a fatal overdose if spilled on one's skin. For this reason, it should never be eyeballed.

Sufentanil can also be fatal when combined with depressants such as opiates, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, gabapentinoids, thienodiazepines or other GABAergic substances.[13]

It is strongly encouraged to wear gloves while handling, use volumetric dosing combined with a milligram scale, and to not consume either moderate or heavy dosages of other depressants in combination with this drug.

{{Warning/Synthetic cannabinoids}}

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Synthetic Cannabinoids: Over 1,000 hospitalized, 94 deaths linked to three types

Multiple synthetic cannabinoids pose serious health risks. MDMB-FUBINACA alone is linked to over 1,000 hospitalizations and 40 deaths, primarily in Russia and Belarus. Across Europe, MDMB-CHMICA and 5F-MDMB-PINACA have caused a combined 54 deaths between 2014 and 2017.

{{Warning/Tizanidine}}

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Tizanidine can induce dangerously low blood pressures when used in excessive doses [40] [41]

Care should be taken when taking high doses of tizanidine, even with an established tolerance. Users taking hallucinogenic doses should have a hypertensive agent available[42] or a supervisor present. Exercise extreme caution when attempting hallucinogenic doses.

{{Warning2/PeyoteHarvesting}}

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Please avoid harvesting peyote in its natural habitat.

Peyote populations are rapidly declining in nature due to over-harvesting by non-indigenous peoples. As a result, it is currently a threatened species.[43][44] Those who wish to consume peyote are encouraged to grow their own or use alternative mescaline-containing cactus species such as San Pedro or Peruvian Torch.

{{Warning/Refeeding syndrome}}

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Refeeding syndrome if severe enough, may result in death

Refeeding syndrome (RFS) is a metabolic disturbance which occurs as a result of reinstitution of nutrition in people and animals who are starved, severely malnourished, or metabolically stressed because of severe illness. When too much food or liquid nutrition supplement is eaten during the initial four to seven days following a malnutrition event, the production of glycogen, fat and protein in cells may cause low serum concentrations of potassium (hypokalemia), magnesium (magnesium deficiency) and phosphate (hypophosphatemia).[45][46] The electrolyte imbalance may cause neurologic, pulmonary, cardiac, neuromuscular, and hematologic symptoms—many of which, if severe enough, may result in death.

Refeeding syndrome can occur when someone does not eat for several days at a time usually beginning after 4–5 days with no food.[47]

Stimulants like amphetamines, methylphenidate, and cocaine, along with opiates, contribute to appetite suppression. This can lead to prolonged periods of inadequate calorie intake, mimicking anorexia nervosa. Individuals with drug abuse who begin to reintroduce normal eating habits after a period of malnutrition may be at increased risk for refeeding syndrome.[48]


Information

{{Information/Antipsychotic}}

{{Information/Cannabis butter}}

{{Information/MAOIs and RIMAs}}

{{Information/Near-death experience}}

{{Information/Psilocybin mushroom lemon tek}}

{{Information/Substituted phenethylamines}}

{{Information/THC production}}

{{Information/Tyrosine}}

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  1. ↑ Santtila, Pekka; Ekholm, Magnus; Niemi, Pekka (1998). "Factors moderating the effects of alcohol on interrogative suggestibility". Psychology, Crime & Law. 4 (2): 139–152. doi:10.1080/10683169808401754. ISSN 1068-316X. 
  2. ↑ Santtila, Pekka; Ekholm, Magnus; Niemi, Pekka (1999). "The effects of alcohol on interrogative suggestibility: The role of State-Anxiety and mood states as mediating factors". Legal and Criminological Psychology. 4 (1): 1–13. doi:10.1348/135532599167707. ISSN 1355-3259. 
  3. ↑ Brust, J. (4 April 2010). "Ethanol and Cognition: Indirect Effects, Neurotoxicity and Neuroprotection: A Review". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 7 (4): 1540–1557. doi:10.3390/ijerph7041540. ISSN 1660-4601. Retrieved 30 May 2024. 
  4. ↑ "Agents Classified by the IARC Monographs, Volumes 1–111" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 October 2011 – via monographs.iarc.fr. 
  5. ↑ "No level of alcohol consumption is safe for our health". World Health Organization. 4 January 2023. 
  6. ↑ D'Souza S, Mayock S, Salt A (December 2017). "A review of in vivo and in vitro aspects of alcohol-induced dose dumping". AAPS Open (in English). 3 (1). doi:10.1186/s41120-017-0014-9 Freely accessible. ISSN 2364-9534. 
  7. ↑ "Third Confirmed 2C-T-7 Death". Erowid. April 10, 2001. 
  8. ↑ "A Reported 2C-T-7 Death". Erowid. July 2003. 
  9. ↑ "Second Reported 2C-T-7 Death". Erowid. April 2, 2001. 
  10. ↑ The Big & Dandy 3-MeO-PCP Thread - Part 2 (Bluelight) | http://www.bluelight.org/vb/threads/697059-The-Big-amp-Dandy-3-MeO-PCP-Thread-Part-2
  11. ↑ The Big & Dandy 3-MeO-PCP Thread - Mad Manic Meo 3nity | http://www.bluelight.org/vb/threads/760934-The-Big-amp-Dandy-3-MeO-PCP-Thread-Mad-Manic-Meo-3nity
  12. ↑ The Big & Dandy 3-MeO-PCP Thread - Part 1 (Bluelight) | http://www.bluelight.org/vb/threads/454099-The-Big-amp-Dandy-3-MeO-PCP-Thread-%28Part-1%29
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 Risks of Combining Depressants - TripSit  Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "tripsit" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "tripsit" defined multiple times with different content
  14. ↑ Rutala, WA; Weber, DJ; Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of, America (February 2010). "Guideline for disinfection and sterilization of prion-contaminated medical instruments". Infection control and hospital epidemiology. 31 (2): 107–17. doi:10.1086/650197. PMID 20055640. 
  15. ↑ Hitt M, Ettinger DD (June 1986). "Toad toxicity". The New England Journal of Medicine. 314 (23): 1517–1518. doi:10.1056/NEJM198606053142320. PMID 3702971. 
  16. ↑ Ragonesi DL (1990). "The boy who was all hopped up". Contemporary Pediatrics. 7: 91–4. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Brubacher JR, Ravikumar PR, Bania T, Heller MB, Hoffman RS (November 1996). "Treatment of toad toxin poisoning with digoxin-specific Fab fragments". Chest. 110 (5): 1282–1288. doi:10.1378/chest.110.5.1282. PMID 8915235. 
  18. ↑ Gowda RM, Cohen RA, Khan IA (April 2003). "Toad venom poisoning: resemblance to digoxin toxicity and therapeutic implications". Heart. 89 (4): 14e–14. doi:10.1136/heart.89.4.e14. PMC 1769273 Freely accessible. PMID 12639891. 
  19. ↑ Lever, Christopher (2001). The Cane Toad: The History and Ecology of a Successful Colonist. Westbury Academic & Scientific Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84103-006-7. 
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 https://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/news/115909/over-90-percent-of-medical-marijuana-in-us-contains-high-levels-of-thc-study-finds/
  21. ↑ https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article/PIIS2215-0366(19)30048-3/fulltext
  22. ↑ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33508497/
  23. ↑ Koenig, X.; Hilber, K. (2015). "The Anti-Addiction Drug Ibogaine and the Heart: A Delicate Relation". Molecules. 20 (2): 2208–2228. doi:10.3390/molecules20022208. ISSN 1420-3049. OCLC 641147188. PMC 4382526 Freely accessible. PMID 25642835. 
  24. ↑ Chilton 1975; Theobald et al. 1968
  25. ↑ Chilton 1975; Ott 1976a
  26. ↑ https://www.kykeonanalytics.com/news/New-trend-of-Amanita-Mushroom-Gummies-potentially-neurotoxic-edibles/
  27. ↑ Shulgin Index, p811
  28. ↑ http://www.ecstasy.org/testing/pma.html
  29. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named EMCDDA
  30. ↑ https://ejfs.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41935-017-0016-8
  31. ↑ Knezevich A, Muzic J, Hatsukami DK, Hecht SS, Stepanov I (February 2013). "Nornicotine nitrosation in saliva and its relation to endogenous synthesis of N'-nitrosonornicotine in humans". Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 15 (2): 591–5. doi:10.1093/ntr/nts172. PMC 3611998 Freely accessible. PMID 22923602. 
  32. ↑ "List of Classifications – IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans". monographs.iarc.fr. Retrieved 2020-07-22. 
  33. ↑ Sanner T, Grimsrud TK (2015-08-31). "Nicotine: Carcinogenicity and Effects on Response to Cancer Treatment - A Review". Frontiers in Oncology. 5: 196. doi:10.3389/fonc.2015.00196 Freely accessible. PMC 4553893 Freely accessible. PMID 26380225. 
  34. ↑ Flippo, T. S. (1 December 1993). "Neurologic Degeneration Associated With Nitrous Oxide Anesthesia in Patients With Vitamin B12 Deficiency". Archives of Surgery. 128 (12): 1391. doi:10.1001/archsurg.1993.01420240099018. ISSN 0004-0010. 
  35. ↑ Campdesuner, V; Teklie, Y; Alkayali, T; Pierce, D; George, J (9 July 2020). "Nitrous Oxide-Induced Vitamin B12 Deficiency Resulting in Myelopathy". Cureus. 12 (7): e9088. doi:10.7759/cureus.9088. PMC 7366039 Freely accessible. PMID 32685323. 
  36. ↑ Luisada, P. V. M. D. (1978), The Phencyclidine Psychosis: Phenomenology and Treatment." Phencyclidine (PCP) Abuse: An Appraisal., National Institute on Drug Abuse 
  37. ↑ Tasman, A., Kay, J., Lieberman, J. A., First, M. B., Riba, M. (5 February 2015). Psychiatry. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118753361. 
  38. ↑ Luisada, P. V., M. D. (1978), “The Phencyclidine Psychosis: Phenomenology and Treatment.” Phencyclidine (PCP) Abuse: An Appraisal., National Institute on Drug Abuse 
  39. ↑ Tasman, A., Kay, J., Lieberman, J. A., First, M. B., Riba, M. (5 February 2015). Psychiatry. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118753361. 
  40. ↑ Johnson TR, Tobias JD. Hypotension following the initiation of tizanidine in a patient treated with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor for chronic hypertension. J Child Neurol. 2000 Dec;15(12):818-9. doi: 10.1177/088307380001501211. PMID: 11198499.
  41. ↑ Chaugai S, Dickson AL, Shuey MM, Feng Q, Barker KA, Wei WQ, Luther JM, Stein CM, Chung CP. Co-Prescription of Strong CYP1A2 Inhibitors and the Risk of Tizanidine-Associated Hypotension: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2019 Mar;105(3):703-709. doi: 10.1002/cpt.1233. Epub 2018 Oct 18. PMID: 30223305; PMCID: PMC6379114.
  42. ↑ Sharma S, Hashmi MF, Bhattacharya PT. Hypotension. [Updated 2022 Feb 16]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-.
  43. ↑ Martin Terry (Sul Rose State Univ., A. (19 November 2009). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Lophophora williamsii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 
  44. ↑ José Guadalupe Martínez, Global Cactus Assessment / Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, M., Emiliano Sánchez, Jardín Botánico Regional de Cadereyta, Q., Martin Terry, Sul Rose State Univ., A., Group, C. G.-H., IUCN S. C. & S. P. S. (18 November 2009). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Lophophora diffusa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 
  45. ↑ Mehanna HM, Moledina J, Travis J (June 2008). "Refeeding syndrome: what it is, and how to prevent and treat it". BMJ. 336 (7659): 1495–8. doi:10.1136/bmj.a301. PMC 2440847 Freely accessible. PMID 18583681. 
  46. ↑ Doig, GS; Simpson, F; Heighes; Bellomo, R; Chesher, D; Caterson, ID; Reade, MC; Harrigan, PWJ (2015-12-01). "Restricted versus continued standard caloric intake during the management of refeeding syndrome in critically ill adults: a randomised, parallel-group, multicentre, single-blind controlled trial". The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 3 (12): 943–952. doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(15)00418-X. ISSN 2213-2619. PMID 26597128. 
  47. ↑ Webb GJ, Smith K, Thursby-Pelham F, Smith T, Stroud MA, Da Silva AN (2011). "Complications of emergency refeeding in anorexia nervosa: case series and review". Acute Medicine. 10 (2): 69–76. doi:10.52964/AMJA.0470 Freely accessible. PMID 22041604. 
  48. ↑ (PDF) https://www.uhbw.nhs.uk/assets/1/23-639_refeedingsyndromeguideline-4_redacted.pdf.  Missing or empty |title= (help)
  49. ↑ Garcia, Eddie; Santos, Cynthia (2022). "Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor Toxicity". StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. 
  50. ↑ "2C-I-NBOMe (25I) Effects". Erowid. 

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