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| Summary sheet: Fasoracetam |
| Fasoracetam | |||||||||||||||
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| Chemical Nomenclature | |||||||||||||||
| Common names | Fasoracetam, NS-105, LAM-105, NFC-1, | ||||||||||||||
| Systematic name | (5R)-5-(Piperidine-1-carbonyl)pyrrolidin-2-one | ||||||||||||||
| Class Membership | |||||||||||||||
| Psychoactive class | Nootropic | ||||||||||||||
| Chemical class | Racetam / Piperidine | ||||||||||||||
| Routes of Administration | |||||||||||||||
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Fasoracetam (NS-105, NFC-1) is a nootropic agent belonging to the racetam family of drugs.[1][2] Although it is one of the first known and synthesized derivatives of piracetam, its research and efficacy in humans is limited.
Fasoracetam upregulates GABA receptors and may also be beneficial for ADHD either alone or in combination with stimulant medication.
Anecdotal reports of fasoracetam supplementation for nootropic purposes range from 20-100mg/day[3][4] while clinical trials have used doses up to 800mg/day (400mg BID) for the treatment of ADHD in adolescents with glutamate hypofunction due to mGluR mutations.[5]
Fasoracetam has demonstrated antiamnesic properties in animal models.[6]
Chemistry
Fasoracetam is a pyrrolidinone compound of the racetam family.
Pharmacology
Fasoracetam modulates cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) activity via activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu). It appears to have activity at all three subclasses of mGlu receptors, with group I activation exhibiting a facilitatory effect, and groups II and III an inhibitory effect on cAMP.[7]
Fasoracetam is thought to increase acetylcholine release within hippocampal cells.[8] As acetycholine is involved in the function of memory, this could potentially account for its nootropic effects.
In addition, fasoracetam upregulates GABA-B receptors in rats,[9] but does not appear to affect dopamine, serotonin or norepinephrine.[10][11]
Subjective effects
In comparison to the effects of other racetam nootropics such as noopept, this compound can be described as focusing primarily on physical stimulation over that of cognitive stimulation. Disclaimer: The effects listed below cite the Subjective Effect Index (SEI), an open research literature based on anecdotal user reports and the personal analyses of PsychonautWiki contributors. As a result, they should be viewed with a healthy degree of skepticism.
It is also worth noting that these effects will not necessarily occur in a predictable or reliable manner, although higher doses are more liable to induce the full spectrum of effects. Likewise, adverse effects become increasingly likely with higher doses and may include addiction, severe injury, or death ☠.
Physical effects 
Sensory effects 
- Although these effects are not universal, certain people may experience sensory enhancements under the influence of this compound.
Cognitive effects 
- The effects of fasoracetam are anecdotally reported to foster creativity and holistic thinking as well as reducing anxiety and depression.
Toxicity and harm potential
In one clinical trial[12], fasoracetam appeared to be well-tolerated at doses up to 800mg/day, however, the subjects were identified as possibly having glutamate hypofunction as a result of mutations in genes encoding variants of the metabotropic glutamate receptor.
One case report exists of an overdose consisting of a large dose of phenibut (10g) in combination with an unknown quantity of fasoracetam. Patient was found unconscious on the sidewalk and bradycardia (slowed heartbeat) was noted at the hospital, requiring the use of subcutaneous pacing pads. The patient recovered from the physical symptoms and was referred to a psychiatric unit for evaluation and treatment of an underlying condition. The case report notes that bradycardia is not typically reported in phenibut overdose and could possibly be related to fasoracetam.[13]
Lethal dosage
The median lethal dosage (LD50) of fasoracetam was reported as 300mg/kg in mice and 980mg/kg in rats.[14]
Tolerance and addiction potential
This substance has little history of human use. While tolerance and addiction or physical dependence have not been reported, the data on long-term use is lacking.
Legal issues
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See also
External links
References
- ↑ Piracetam and piracetam-like drugs: from basic science to novel clinical applications to CNS disorders | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20166767
- ↑ Difference in learning and retention by Albino Swiss mice. Part III. Effect of some brain stimulants | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3736279
- ↑ https://www.reddit.com/r/Nootropics/comments/7w1tx4/fasoracetam_is_a_strong_antidepressant/
- ↑ https://www.reddit.com/r/Nootropics/comments/70pzza/fasoracetam_has_changed_my_life/
- ↑ Fasoracetam in adolescents with ADHD and glutamatergic gene network variants disrupting mGluR neurotransmitter signaling | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-02244-2
- ↑ https://doi.org/10.1016/s0014-2999(99)00785-2
- ↑ http://sci-hub.tw/https://doi.org/10.1016/s0014-2999(99)00785-2
- ↑ Nootropic drug modulation of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in rat cortical neurons. | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11259610
- ↑ https://doi.org/10.1016/s0014-2999(97)81925-5
- ↑ https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-02244-2
- ↑ https://doi.org/10.1016/s0014-2999(97)81925-5
- ↑ https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-02244-2
- ↑ https://www.heighpubs.org/jcicm/jcicm-aid1001.php
- ↑ https://www.chemblink.com/MSDS/MSDSFiles/110958-19-5_Clear%20Synth.pdf