Talk:Phenylpiracetam
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| Summary sheet: Phenylpiracetam |
| Phenylpiracetam | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Chemical Nomenclature | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common names | Phenylpiracetam, Phenotropil, Carphedon | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Substitutive name | 4-Phenylpiracetam | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Systematic name | (R,S)-2-(2-Oxo-4-phenylpyrrolidin-1-yl)acetamide | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class Membership | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Psychoactive class | Nootropic / Stimulant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chemical class | Racetam | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Routes of Administration | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Phenylpiracetam (Phenotropil; Carphedon) is a central nervous system stimulant and nootropic agent belonging to the racetam family of drugs.[2][3] Although it is one of the first known and synthesized derivatives of piracetam, it's research and efficacy in humans is limited.
Phenylpiracetam is readily available and sold through online vendors as a dietary supplement in the United States. Dosages are nearly twelve times those of noopept, making it less potent while offering comparable benefit.
Supplementation of phenylpiracetam tends to be in the dosage range of 100-300mg taken over the course of a day,[4] either in two to three evenly spread dosing periods (such as three doses of 100mg or 200mg).
Phenylpiracetam has protected against scopolamine-induced amnesia both in rat populations, suggesting it can aid recovery from deliriant intoxication and other typically cognitively impaired states by preserving adequate levels of acetylcholine as a primary mechanism.[5]
Chemistry
Phenylpiracetam is the piracetam structure with an additional phenyl group attached to the pyrrolidone nucleus, albeit at a different steric location than the substituted phenyl groups seen on aniracetam or nefiracetam. Due to the chiral center at the fourth position of the pyrrolidinone ring, it can exist in an S or R isomer; the clinically used form is the racemic mixture.[6]
Pharmacology
Phenylpiracetam is thought to increase acetylcholine release within hippocampal cells.[7] As acetycholine is involved in the function of memory, this could potentially account for its nootropic effects.
Subjective effects
Disclaimer: The effects listed below cite the Subjective Effect Index (SEI), an open research literature based on anecdotal user reports and the personal analyses of PsychonautWiki contributors. As a result, they should be viewed with a healthy degree of skepticism.
It is also worth noting that these effects will not necessarily occur in a predictable or reliable manner, although higher doses are more liable to induce the full spectrum of effects. Likewise, adverse effects become increasingly likely with higher doses and may include addiction, severe injury, or death ☠.
In comparison to the effects of other racetam nootropics such as noopept, this compound can be described as focusing primarily on cognitive focus over that of cognitive stimulation.
Sensory effects
Although these effects are not universal, certain people may experience sensory enhancements under the influence of this compound.
Physical effects
- Stimulation - The stimulation which phenylpiracetam presents can be considered as primarily subtle, comparable to that of caffeine.
Cognitive effect
In terms of its cognitive effects, this compound can be described as a stimulating.
Toxicity and harm potential
Several studies suggest that this substance is safe even when high doses are consumed for a long period of time[8] although it is worth noting that the exact toxic dosage is unknown. Anecdotal evidence from people who have tried phenylpiracetam within the community suggest that there do not seem to be any negative health effects attributed to simply trying this drug at low to moderate doses by itself and using it sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed).
It is strongly recommended that one use harm reduction practices when using this drug.
Lethal dosage
The median lethal dosage (LD50) of phenylpiracetam has not been officially published as it has low abuse potential, but is not known to be harmful in it's recommended doage range.
Tolerance and addiction potential
The chronic use of phenylpiracetam can be considered as non-addictive with a low potential for abuse. It does not seem to be capable of causing psychological dependence among users, although this fact has not been corroborated by clinical studies. Tolerance to many of the effects of phenylpiracetam develops with prolonged and repeated use. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about 3 - 7 days for the tolerance to be reduced to half and 1 - 2 weeks to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). Phenylpiracetam may presents cross-tolerance with all racetam nootropics, meaning that after the consumption of phenylpiracetam certain nootropicss such as noopept and piracetam may have a reduced effect.
Legal issues
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This legality section is a stub. As such, it may contain incomplete or wrong information. You can help by expanding it. |
Phenylpiracetam, being a member of the racetam family, currently is legally available to buy and sell in most countries, but may still vary by region.
- United Kingdom - It is illegal to produce, supply, or import this drug under the Psychoactive Substance Act, which came into effect on May 26th, 2016.[9]
See also
External links
References
- ↑ My experience with phenylpiracetam - Brain Health
- ↑ Piracetam and piracetam-like drugs: from basic science to novel clinical applications to CNS disorders | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20166767
- ↑ Difference in learning and retention by Albino Swiss mice. Part III. Effect of some brain stimulants | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3736279
- ↑ Phenylpiracetam (Phenotropil): The Definitive Resource & Reviews | http://www.nootropicsjournal.com/phenylpiracetam/
- ↑ The effects of scopolamine and the nootropic drug phenotropil on rat brain neurotransmitter receptors during testing of the conditioned passive avoidance task | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134%2FS1819712411020048
- ↑ Investigation into stereoselective pharmacological activity of phenotropil. | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21689376
- ↑ [The phenotropil treatment of the consequences of brain organic lesions]. | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16447562
- ↑ Piracetam and Piracetam-Like Drugs | https://link.springer.com/article/10.2165%2F11319230-000000000-00000
- ↑ Psychoactive Substances Act 2016 (Legislation.gov.uk) | http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2016/2/contents/enacted