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| Chemical Nomenclature | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common names | PPAP, Phenylpropylaminopentane | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Substitutive name | N,α-dipropylphenethylamine | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Systematic name | (-)-1-Phenyl-2-propylaminopentane | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class Membership | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Psychoactive class | Stimulant / Nootropic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chemical class | Phenethylamine | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Routes of Administration | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Interactions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(-)-1-Phenyl-2-propylaminopentane (also known as (-)-PPAP and N,α-dipropylphenethylamine) is a stimulant of the substituted phenethylamine class and a derivative of Selegiline.[1] It is mainly considered as a nootropic and research chemical.
PPAP is classified as a monoaminergic activity enhancer that stimulates the impulse propagation mediated transmitter release of the neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin in the brain. Unlike stimulants such as amphetamine, which release a flood of monoamine neurotransmitters in an uncontrolled manner, PPAP instead only increases the amount of neurotransmitters that get released when a neuron is stimulated by receiving an impulse from a neighbouring neuron. Both amphetamine and (-)-PPAP promote the release of monoamines and deuteramines, however while amphetamine causes neurons to dump neurotransmitter stores into the synapse regardless of external input, PPAP does not influence the pattern of neurotransmitter release and instead releases a larger amount of neurotransmitters than normal.[2]
Clinical trials of PPAP indicate a low toxicity and a lack of typical stimulant-related side effects. The preferred daily dosage was described as being between 10 mg to 150 mg, with a particular suitability at 30 mg.[3] The long-term risks of PPAP intake have yet to be studied in detail.
Subjective effects
In comparison to traditional stimulants such as amphetamine, this compound induces an experience which is far less forceful, recreational and euphoric. Although in comparison to modafinil it is usually considered to be more mood-lifting and energetic. Unlike for most other stimulants, the expressiveness of PPAP effects are somehow dependent on set and setting due to it's unique pharmacological activity.
Disclaimer: The effects listed below cite the Subjective Effect Index (SEI), an open research literature based on anecdotal user reports and the personal analyses of PsychonautWiki contributors. As a result, they should be viewed with a healthy degree of skepticism.
It is also worth noting that these effects will not necessarily occur in a predictable or reliable manner, although higher doses are more liable to induce the full spectrum of effects. Likewise, adverse effects become increasingly likely with higher doses and may include addiction, severe injury, or death ☠.
Physical effects 
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- Stimulation - In terms of its effects on the user's physical energy levels, PPAP is commonly considered to be stimulating and energetic, but can be considered as less stimulating when compared to amphetamine and methylphenidate, but similar or stronger than that of modafinil and caffeine.
- Spontaneous physical sensations - The "body high" of PPAP is fairly pronounced even in moderate doses, although less intense than that of amphetamine.
- Increased heart rate
- Dehydration - Dehydration and dry mouth commonly occur due to an increase in motivation to engage in physical activities as well as an increased sense of focus which causes one to forget to drink water.
- Appetite suppression
- Increased perspiration
- Dizziness
- Stamina enhancement
- Irritability
Visual effects 
Experience reports
There are currently 0 experience reports which describe the effects of this substance in our experience index.
Toxicity and harm potential
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational PPAP use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact toxic dosage is unknown. This is because PPAP has very little history of human usage. Anecdotal evidence from people who have tried PPAP within the community suggest that there do not seem to be any negative health effects attributed to simply trying this drug at low to moderate doses by itself and using it sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed).
The LD50 of PPAP in rats is 270 mg/kg p.o.[3]
It is strongly recommended that one use harm reduction practices when using this drug.
Tolerance and addiction potential
The chronic use of PPAP can be considered as mildly addictive with a low potential for abuse. It may be capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users due to it's nature to potentiate effects of other stimulants.
Tolerance to many of the effects of PPAP develops with prolonged and repeated use. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. Anecdotal evidence from people who have tried PPAP within the community suggest that tolerance develops less rapidly than most of other stimulants (amphetamine, caffeine).
Dangerous interactions
Warning: Many psychoactive substances that are reasonably safe to use on their own can suddenly become dangerous and even life-threatening when combined with certain other substances. The following list provides some known dangerous interactions (although it is not guaranteed to include all of them).
Always conduct independent research (e.g. Google, DuckDuckGo, PubMed) to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe to consume. Some of the listed interactions have been sourced from TripSit.
- 25x-NBOMe & 25x-NBOH - 25x compounds are highly stimulating and physically straining. Combinations with PPAP should be strictly avoided due to the risk of excessive stimulation and heart strain. This can result in increased blood pressure, vasoconstriction, panic attacks, thought loops, seizures, and heart failure in extreme cases.
- Alcohol - Combining alcohol with stimulants can be dangerous due to the risk of accidental over-intoxication. Stimulants mask alcohol's depressant effects, which is what most people use to assess their degree of intoxication. Once the stimulant wears off, the depressant effects will be left unopposed, which can result in blackouts and severe respiratory depression. If mixing, the user should strictly limit themselves to only drinking a certain amount of alcohol per hour.
- DXM - Combinations with DXM should be avoided due to its inhibiting effects on serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake. There is an increased risk of panic attacks and hypertensive crisis, or serotonin syndrome with serotonin releasers (MDMA, methylone, mephedrone, etc.). Monitor blood pressure carefully and avoid strenuous physical activity.
- MDMA - Any neurotoxic effects of MDMA are likely to be increased when other stimulants are present. There is also a risk of excessive blood pressure and heart strain (cardiotoxicity).
- MXE - Some reports suggest combinations with MXE may dangerously increase blood pressure and increase the risk of mania and psychosis.
- Dissociatives - Both classes carry a risk of delusions, mania and psychosis, and these risk may be multiplied when combined.
- Stimulants - PPAP may be dangerous to combine with other stimulants like cocaine as they can increase one's heart rate and blood pressure to dangerous levels.
- Tramadol - Tramadol is known to lower the seizure threshold[4] and combinations with stimulants may further increase this risk.
- MAOIs - This combination may increase the amount of neurotransmitters such as dopamine to dangerous or even fatal levels. Examples include syrian rue, banisteriopsis caapi, and some antidepressants.[5]
- MDMA - The neurotoxic effects of MDMA may be increased when combined with other stimulants.
Legal status
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This legality section is a stub. As such, it may contain incomplete or wrong information. You can help by expanding it. |
- United States: PPAP has no schedule assigned to it in the U.S., making it unregulated and therefore legally available for anyone in the country to buy, possess and use.
- United Kingdom: It is illegal to produce, supply, or import this drug under the Psychoactive Substance Act, which came into effect on May 26th, 2016.[6]
See also
External links
References
- ↑ Knoll J, Knoll B, Török Z, Timár J, Yasar S (March–April 1992). "The pharmacology of 1-phenyl-2-propylamino-pentane (PPAP), a deprenyl-derived new spectrum psychostimulant". Archives internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Thérapie (316): 5–29. PMID 1356324.
- ↑ Joseph Knoll; Ildikó Miklya; Berta Knoll; Raissa Markó; Károly Kelemen (February 1996). "(−)Deprenyl and (−)1-phenyl-2-propylaminopentane, [(−) PPAP] act primarily as potent stimulants of action potential — transmitter release coupling in the catecholaminergic neurons". Life Sciences. 58 (10): 817–827. doi:10.1016/0024-3205(96)00014-8. PMID 8602114.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Knoll J, Knoll B, Török Z, Timár J, Yasar S. (1992). The pharmacology of 1-phenyl-2-propylamino-pentane (PPAP), a deprenyl-derived new spectrum psychostimulant., Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther, 316:5-29.
- ↑ Talaie, H.; Panahandeh, R.; Fayaznouri, M. R.; Asadi, Z.; Abdollahi, M. (2009). "Dose-independent occurrence of seizure with tramadol". Journal of Medical Toxicology. 5 (2): 63–67. doi:10.1007/BF03161089. eISSN 1937-6995. ISSN 1556-9039. OCLC 163567183.
- ↑ Gillman, P. K. (2005). "Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, opioid analgesics and serotonin toxicity". British Journal of Anaesthesia. 95 (4): 434–441. doi:10.1093/bja/aei210
. eISSN 1471-6771. ISSN 0007-0912. OCLC 01537271. PMID 16051647.
- ↑ Psychoactive Substances Act 2016 (Legislation.gov.uk) | http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2016/2/contents/enacted