Talk:Amantadine
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Amantadine can cause life-threatening heart complications and death.
It is strongly discouraged to use this substance in high doses. Please see this section for more details.
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| Amantadine | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Chemical Nomenclature | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common names | Amantadine, Midantan, Mantadix, PK-Merz, Symmetrel | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Substitutive name | Amantadine | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Systematic name | Adamantan-1-amine | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class Membership | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Psychoactive class | Dissociative / Deliriant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chemical class | Adamantane | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Routes of Administration | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Interactions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Summary sheet: Amantadine |
Amantadine is a hallucinogen and weak stimulant of the adamantane class that produces long-lived dissociative and deliriant effects when administered. It is a derivative of amantadine and is pharmacologically related to compounds like memantine, rimantadine and adapromine.
Amantadine was first synthesized in the 1960s as a antiviral drug for the treatment of influenza. It was serendipitously discovered in 1969 that amantadine possesses central dopaminergic stimulant-like properties and it was introduced for the treatment of Parkinson's disease due to its ability to increase dopamine levels in the brain.[1]
Deaths have been reported from overdose with amantadine.[2] Its use can lead to cardiac, respiratory, renal or central nervous system toxicity.[3]
It is highly advised to use harm reduction practices if using this substance.
Chemistry
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This chemistry section is incomplete. You can help by adding to it. |
Amantadine is a substituted adamantane derivative, organic compound adamantan-1-amine, meaning it consists of an adamantane backbone that has an amino group substituted at one of the four methyne positions.
Pharmacology
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This pharmacology section is incomplete. You can help by adding to it. |
Amantadine is a weak antagonist NMDA receptors (Ki = 10 µM)[4], increases dopamine release, and blocks dopamine reuptake.[5] As well amantadine inhibits nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs).[6]
It was discovered that amantadine binds to and acts as agonist of the σ1 receptor (Ki = 7.44 µM), and that activation of the σ1 receptor is involved in the dopaminergic effects.[7]
The mechanisms for amantadine's antiviral and psychotropic effects are unrelated. The mechanism of amantadine's antiviral activity involves interference with the viral protein, M2, a proton channel.[8]
Subjective effects
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This subjective effects section is a stub. As such, it is still in progress and may contain incomplete or wrong information. You can help by expanding or correcting it. |
Disclaimer: The effects listed below cite the Subjective Effect Index (SEI), an open research literature based on anecdotal user reports and the personal analyses of PsychonautWiki contributors. As a result, they should be viewed with a healthy degree of skepticism.
It is also worth noting that these effects will not necessarily occur in a predictable or reliable manner, although higher doses are more liable to induce the full spectrum of effects. Likewise, adverse effects become increasingly likely with higher doses and may include addiction, severe injury, or death ☠.
In addition to dissociative effects, amantadine also manifests anticholinergic effects and higher dosages can result in delirium.
Physical effects 
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- Abnormal heartbeat
- Difficulty urinating
- Dizziness
- Dry mouth
- Headache
- Hyperthermia
- Increased heart rate
- Motor control loss
- Nausea
- Perception of bodily lightness
- Physical autonomy
- Physical euphoria
- Pupil dilation
- Seizure - Seizures may be exacerbated in people with a history of a seizure disorder.
- Spontaneous bodily sensations
- Stimulation - Amantadine stimulates stronger than memantine.
- Tactile suppression
Visual effects 
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- Colour enhancement
- Double vision
- Flowing - Flowing can be described as a style of visual drifting which seems to occur almost exclusively on textures (particularly if they are highly detailed, complex, or rough in appearance). It results in the textures appearing to flow like a river in a seamless, looped animation. It is particularly common on wood grain or the fur of animals.
- Pattern recognition suppression
Cognitive effects 
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- Analysis suppression
- Anxiety
- Cognitive euphoria
- Delirium - Delirium may be experienced with extremely high doses exceeding 1000 mg.
- Delusion - Delusions are more commonly reported on amantadine than any other dissociatives.
- Depersonalization
- Derealization
- Immersion enhancement
- Introspection
- Memory suppression
- Psychosis
- Thought deceleration
- Thought deceleration
- Time distortion
- Wakefulness
Auditory effects 
Experience reports
There are currently 0 experience reports which describe the effects of this substance in our experience index.
Experience: Amantadine(Oral administration)- A terrible experience
Toxicity and harm potential
Amantadine can hase serious side effects at higher dosages. High levels of amantadine consumption are associated with an increased risk of renal failure[9], peripheral edemas, increased heart insufficiency, and leukopenia and neutropenia.[5] Amantadine accumulates in patients with renal dysfunction.[10] In addition deaths have been reported from overdose with amantadine. Reports of amantadine fatalities indicate that doses of more that 2g are potentially lethal.[11]
It is strongly recommended that one use harm reduction practices when using this drug.
Tolerance and addiction potential
Amantadine can produce dependence with chronic use, though amantadine withdrawal syndrome is a rare event. Abrupt cessation and changes in amantadine dosage can produce a severe withdrawal syndrome which can produce delirium and neuroleptic malignant syndrome.[12][13][14]
Amantadine presents cross-tolerance with all dissociatives, meaning that after the consumption of amantadine all dissociatives will have a reduced effect.
Dangerous interactions
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This dangerous interactions section is a stub. As such, it may contain incomplete or invalid information. You can help by expanding upon or correcting it. |
Warning: Many psychoactive substances that are reasonably safe to use on their own can suddenly become dangerous and even life-threatening when combined with certain other substances. The following list provides some known dangerous interactions (although it is not guaranteed to include all of them).
Always conduct independent research (e.g. Google, DuckDuckGo, PubMed) to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe to consume. Some of the listed interactions have been sourced from TripSit.
Amantadine has very limited information on drug combinations and should therefore be treated with extreme caution when combined with other drugs.
- Stimulants - Both stimulants and dissociatives carry the risk of adverse psychological reactions like anxiety, mania, delusions and psychosis and these risks are exacerbated when the two substances are combined.
- Depressants - Because both depress the respiratory system, this combination can result in an increased risk of suddenly falling unconscious, vomiting and choking to death from the resulting suffocation. If nausea or vomiting occurs, users should attempt to fall asleep in the recovery position or have a friend move them into it.
- Deliriants - Combining amantadine with antimuscarinics such as datura, diphenhydramine, and nutmeg can severely increase BPM and BP, and as such, cardiac arrest, hypertensive crisis, as well as delirium.
Legal status
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This legality section is a stub. As such, it may contain incomplete or wrong information. You can help by expanding it. |
- Russia: Amantadine is available through a prescription.
- China: Amantadine is available through a prescription.
See also
External links
References
- ↑ Neurological Disorders: Course and Treatment | https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=q9h5Xg3pwAYC&pg=PA1047&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
- ↑ Fatal overdose with amantadine. (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3791133
- ↑ DRUGBANK Amantadine | https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00915
- ↑ Therapeutic brain concentration of the NMDA receptor antagonist amantadine. (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8532138
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Adamantane derivatives: Pharmacological and toxicological properties (review) | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF02524549
- ↑ Amantadine inhibits nicotinic acetylcholine receptor function in hippocampal neurons. (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9152392
- ↑ Involvement of the sigma 1 receptor in the modulation of dopaminergic transmission by amantadine. (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15090047
- ↑ Ion channel activity of influenza A virus M2 protein: characterization of the amantadine block. (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7688826
- ↑ Obstructive acute renal failure related to amantadine intoxication. (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19328395
- ↑ Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Amantadine Hydrochloride | https://link.springer.com/article/10.2165/00003088-198814010-00003
- ↑ Amantadine-induced coma | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/000399939390072I
- ↑ The Role of Amantadine Withdrawal in 3 Cases of Treatment-Refractory Altered Mental Status. (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28492457
- ↑ Acute delirium after withdrawal of amantadine in Parkinson's disease. (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9596005
- ↑ A Case Report of Severe Delirium after Amantadine Withdrawal. (PubMed.gov / NCBI) | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28611642