2C-D

The synthesis of 2C-D was first published in 1970 by a team from the Texas Research Institute of Mental Sciences,^[1], but initial trials by Alexander Shulgin at sub-threshold doses were carried out in 1964. Further investigations at higher doses were carried out by Shulgin and his fellow researchers between 1974 and 1978.^[2] The name '2C-D' derives from the chemical's structure - it is the 2-Carbon analogue of DOM.

Shulgin notably referred to 2C-D as a “pharmacological tofu,” meaning it can extend or potentiate the effect of other substances without overly coloring the experience, in a manner similar to how tofu absorbs the flavors of sauces or spices it is cooked with.^{[citation needed]} While some use this as evidence that 2C-D is relatively uninteresting as a psychedelic on its own, others strongly disagree with this assessment and hold that 2C-D is an unusually versatile and fully-fledged psychedelic in its own right.

Despite showing promise as a very functional psychostimulant^[4][5] with successful studies investigating the use in psychotherapy in Germany,^[6] 2C-D has not found widespread use. This has been argued to be due to the previously limited diversity of substances on the market - a consumer dynamic which has changed significantly with the advent of the internet - allowing a broader freedom of choice for explorers of psychedelic phenethylamines.^[7] Of these, it tends to be substantially harder to find and notably more expensive by weight.^{[citation needed]}

2C-D, or 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenethylamine, is a substituted phenethylamine featuring a phenyl ring bound to an amino (NH₂) group through an ethyl chain. 2C-D contains methoxy functional groups CH₃O- attached to carbons R₂ and R₅ as well as a methyl group attached to carbon R₄ of the phenyl ring.

2C-D belongs to the 2C family of phenethylamines which contain methoxy groups on the 2 and 5 positions of the benzene ring.

2C-D's psychedelic effects are believed to come from its efficacy at the 5-HT_2A receptor as a partial agonist. However, the role of these interactions and how they result in the psychedelic experience continues to remain elusive.

The head space of 2C-D is described by many as being lucid, insightful and relatively normal in its thought processes even at moderate to high doses. The feeling of unaltered consciousness may be unsatisfying to users who want an intense experience because the head space is fairly normal, stable and therefore sometimes uninteresting to those who are new to hallucinogenic experiences.

Disclaimer: The effects listed below cite the Subjective Effect Index (SEI), an open research literature based on anecdotal user reports and the personal analyses of PsychonautWiki contributors. As a result, they should be viewed with a healthy degree of skepticism.

It is also worth noting that these effects will not necessarily occur in a predictable or reliable manner, although higher doses are more liable to induce the full spectrum of effects. Likewise, adverse effects become increasingly likely with higher doses and may include addiction, severe injury, or death ☠.

Experience reports

There are currently no anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our experience index. Additional experience reports can be found here:

• Erowid Experience Vaults: 2C-D

The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational 2C-D use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact toxic dose is unknown. This is because 2C-D is a research chemical with very little history of human usage.

Anecdotal evidence from those within the community who have tried 2C-D suggests that there are no negative health effects attributed to simply trying the substance by itself at low to moderate doses and using it very sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). Independent research should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.

It is strongly recommended that one use harm reduction practices when using this substance.

Tolerance and addiction potential

2C-D is not habit-forming and the desire to use it can actually decrease with use. It is most often self-regulating.

Tolerance to the effects of 2C-D is built almost immediately after ingestion. After that, it takes about 3 days for the tolerance to be reduced to half and 7 days to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). 2C-D presents cross-tolerance with all psychedelics, meaning that after the consumption of 2C-D all psychedelics will have a reduced effect.

Dangerous interactions

Warning: Many psychoactive substances that are reasonably safe to use on their own can suddenly become dangerous and even life-threatening when combined with certain other substances. The following list provides some known dangerous interactions (although it is not guaranteed to include all of them).

Always conduct independent research (e.g. Google, DuckDuckGo, PubMed) to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe to consume. Some of the listed interactions have been sourced from TripSit.

• Lithium - Lithium is commonly prescribed for the treatment of bipolar disorder. There is a large body of anecdotal evidence that suggests taking it with psychedelics significantly increases the risk of psychosis and seizures. As a result, this combination is strictly discouraged.
• Cannabis - Cannabis may have an unexpectedly strong and unpredictable synergy with the effects of 2C-D. Caution is advised with this combination as it can significantly increase the risk of adverse psychological reactions like anxiety, paranoia, panic attacks, and psychosis. Users are advised to start off with only a fraction of their normal cannabis dose and take long breaks between hits to avoid unintentional overdose.
• Stimulants - Stimulants like amphetamine, cocaine or methylphenidate affect many parts of the brain and alter dopaminergic function. This combination can increase the risk of anxiety, paranoia, panic attacks, and thought loops. This interaction may also result in an elevated risk of mania and psychosis.^{[citation needed]}
• Tramadol - Tramadol is well-documented to lower the seizure threshold^[8] and psychedelics may act to trigger seizures in susceptible individuals.^{[citation needed]}

• Australia: Australia has a blanket ban over all substituted phenethylamines including the entire 2C-X family.^[9]
• Austria: 2C-D is illegal to possess, produce and sell under the NPSG (Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz Österreich). In its Schedule II, the further specifying NPSV (Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Verordnung Österreich) explicitly bans all substituted phenetylamines.^[10]
• Brazil: Possession, production and sale is illegal as it is listed on Portaria SVS/MS nº 344.^[11]
• Canada: 2C-D would be considered Schedule III as it is a derivative of 2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine.^[12]
• China: 2C-D is a controlled substance in China as of October 2015.^[13]
• Denmark: 2C-D is added to the list of Schedule B controlled substances.^[14]
• Germany: 2C-D is controlled under Anlage I BtMG (Narcotics Act, Schedule I)^[15] as of December 13, 2014.^[16] It is illegal to manufacture, possess, import, export, buy, sell, procure or dispense it without a license.^[17]
• Japan: 2C-D is controlled by the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law in Japan, making it illegal to possess or sell.^[18]
• Latvia: 2C-D is a Schedule I controlled substance.^[19]
• The Netherlands: 2C-D is currently legal, but it is part of a substance group that may be banned soon as part of a recently passed law on New Psychoactive Substances (NPS). ^[20]
• Sweden: 2C-D is classified as a health hazard as of March 1, 2005, in the regulation SFS 2005:26, making it illegal to sell or possess.^[21]
• Switzerland: 2C-D is a controlled substance specifically named under Verzeichnis E.^[22]
• Turkey: 2C-D is a classed as drug and is illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import.^[23]
• United Kingdom: 2C-D is a Class A drug in the United Kingdom as a result of the phenethylamine catch-all clause.^[24]
• United States: 2C-D is listed in Schedule I of section 202(c) of the Controlled Substances Act in the United States. This was signed into law as of July 2012 under the Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act.^[25]

• Responsible use
• Psychoactive substance index
• Psychedelics
• Phenethylamines
• 2C-x
• 25D-NBOMe

• 2C-D (Wikipedia)
• 2C-D (Erowid Vault)
• 2C-D (PiHKAL / Isomer Design)

Forums

• 2C-D (Bluelight)