1cP-LSD - PsychonautWiki

1cP-LSD

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Summary sheet: 1cP-LSD
1cP-LSD
1cP-LSD.svg
Chemical Nomenclature
Common names 1cP-LSD
Substitutive name 1-Cyclopropionyl-d-lysergic acid diethylamide
Systematic name (6aR,9R)-4-cyclopropionyl-N,N-diethyl-7-methyl-4,6,6a,7,8,9-hexahydroindolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-carboxamide
Class Membership
Psychoactive class Psychedelic
Chemical class Lysergamide
Routes of Administration

WARNING: Always start with lower doses due to differences between individual body weight, tolerance, metabolism, and personal sensitivity. See responsible use section.



⇣ Oral
Dosage
Threshold 15 µg
Light 25 - 75 µg
Common 75 - 150 µg
Strong 150 - 300 µg
Heavy 300 µg +
Duration
Total 8 - 12 hours
Onset 20 - 60 minutes
Come up 45 - 120 minutes
Peak 3 - 5 hours
Offset 3 - 5 hours
After effects 6 - 24 hours









DISCLAIMER: PW's dosage information is gathered from users and resources for educational purposes only. It is not a recommendation and should be verified with other sources for accuracy.

Interactions
Cannabis
Stimulants
Tramadol
Lithium

1-Cyclopropionyl-d-lysergic acid diethylamide (also known as 1cP-LSD) is a lesser-known novel psychedelic substance of the lysergamide class. It is structurally related to LSD and other LSD analogs like 1B-LSD, ALD-52, and 1P-LSD. It is suspected to produce its effects by binding to serotonin receptors in the brain; however, its precise mechanism is not known.[1]

The origins of 1cP-LSD are not well-documented. Following 1P-LSD's prohibition in Germany, 1cP-LSD appeared on the online research chemical market in 2019.[citation needed] Like other LSD analogs, it was marketed as a legal alternative to LSD and 1P-LSD.

Subjective effects include open and closed eye visuals, time distortion, conceptual thinking, enhanced introspection, euphoria, and ego loss. A study found that incubation of 1cP‐LSD with human serum led to the formation of LSD, indicating that it may act as a prodrug for LSD.[1] Anecdotal reports appear to support with this theory, with most users reporting near-identical effects as LSD. It has been reported to have a more gradual come up, along with mildly smoother cognitive and physical effects compared to LSD.

Limited data exist on the pharmacology, metabolism, and toxicity of 1cP-LSD. While it is presumed to have a similar risk profile as LSD and its analogs, which are generally thought to be safe in controlled settings, reliable scientific data is lacking. It is highly advised to use harm reduction practices if using this substance.

History and culture

Although formal documentation does not appear to have been published, 1cP-LSD is believed to have been first discovered and synthesized in the Netherlands in 2019. It first appeared on the online research chemical market in July that same year.[2]

1cP-LSD was released shortly after the prohibition of 1P-LSD in Germany. It is part of a larger series of designer LSD analogs that have appeared on the research chemical market since the mid-2010s. These include AL-LAD, ETH-LAD, and ALD-52. In July 2021, Germany banned 1cP-LSD, and immediately thereafter 1V-LSD appeared on the market as its replacement.[citation needed]

Chemistry

1cP-LSD is a semisynthetic compound of the lysergamide family. It is similar to LSD and is named for the cyclopropionyl group bound to the nitrogen of the polycyclic indole group of LSD. The cyclopropionyl group consists of a carbonyl ring with the chemical formula C3H6 bound to an amino group. The structure of 1cP-LSD contains a polycyclic group featuring a bicyclic hexahydro indole bound to a bicyclic quinoline group. At carbon 8 of the quinoline, an N,N-diethyl carboxamide is bound.

The properties of the substance 1cP-LSD are described as almost identical to those of the classic LSD 25 and 1P-LSD. However, an alkylcarbonyl group has the empirical formula C4H7O, whereas the cyclopropylcarbonyl group corresponds to a molecular formula of C4H5O. Accordingly, one can not call the cyclopropyl as alkyl radical and thus the substance 1cP-LSD is not affected by the NpSG amending Regulation.

Pharmacology

 

This pharmacology section is incomplete.

You can help by adding to it.

Further information: Serotonergic psychedelic

Based on its structural similarity to LSD, 1cP-LSD likely acts as a partial agonist at the 5-HT2A receptor. The psychedelic effects are thought to primarily come from its efficacy at the 5-HT2A receptors distributed throughout the brain. 1cP-LSD also likely displays binding activity at a wide range of monoamine receptors, such as those for dopamine and norepinephrine. However, there is currently no data to support these claims.

Owing to its structural similarity to LSD, the following claims may be hypothesized: most serotonergic psychedelics are not significantly dopaminergic, and 1cP-LSD is therefore assumed to be atypical in this regard. Any agonist activity at the D2 receptor may contribute to its psychoactive effects in humans.[3] Additionally, 1cP-LSD likely binds to most serotonin receptor subtypes except for the 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptors. However, most of these receptors are affected at too low affinity to be sufficiently activated by the brain concentration of approximately 10–20 nM.[4] Recreational doses likely can affect 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, 5-HT2C, 5-HT5A [in cloned rat tissues]), and 5-HT6 receptors.

1cP-LSD is likely to be a biased agonist that induces a conformation in serotonin receptors that preferentially recruits β-arrestin over activating G proteins.[5] A crystal structure of 5-HT2B bound to 1cP-LSD reveals an extracellular loop that forms a lid over the diethylamide end of the binding cavity which explains the slow rate of unbinding from serotonin receptors.[6]

Subjective effects

 
 This subjective effects section is a stub.

As such, it is still in progress and may contain incomplete or wrong information.

You can help by expanding or correcting it.

Disclaimer: The effects listed below cite the Subjective Effect Index (SEI), an open research literature based on anecdotal user reports and the personal analyses of PsychonautWiki contributors. As a result, they should be viewed with a healthy degree of skepticism.

It is also worth noting that these effects will not necessarily occur in a predictable or reliable manner, although higher doses are more liable to induce the full spectrum of effects. Likewise, adverse effects become increasingly likely with higher doses and may include addiction, severe injury, or death ☠.

Physical effects
 

    • Stimulation - 1cP-LSD is usually regarded as very energetic and stimulating without being forced. For example, when taken in any environment it will usually encourage physical activities such as running, walking, climbing or dancing. In comparison, other more commonly used psychedelics such as psilocybin which are generally sedating and relaxed.
    • Spontaneous bodily sensations - The "body high" of 1cP-LSD can be characterized as proportionally very intense in comparison to its accompanying visual and cognitive effects. It behaves as a euphoric, fast-moving, sharp and location-specific tingling sensation. For some, it is manifested spontaneously at different, unpredictable points throughout the trip, but for most, it maintains a steady presence that rises with the onset and hits its limit once the peak has been reached. At moderate to high doses of 1cP-LSD, this sensation often approaches its highest level and can become so overwhelming that people may find themselves debilitated with pleasurable sensations.
      • Physical euphoria - It should be noted that this effect is not as reliably induceable as it is with substances like stimulants or entactogens, and can just as easily manifest as extreme physical discomfort without any apparent reason.
    • Tactile enhancement - Feelings of enhanced tactile sensations are consistently present at moderate levels throughout most 1cP-LSD experiences. If level 8A geometry is reached, an intense sensation of suddenly becoming aware of and being able to feel every single nerve ending across a person's entire body all at once is consistently present.
    • Stamina enhancement - This is generally mild in comparison to the stamina enhancement produced by traditional stimulants.
    • Appetite suppression
    • Bodily control enhancement
    • Difficulty urinating
    • Excessive yawning - This effect is significantly less pronounced than it is with psilocybin and its related compounds, the four-position substituted tryptamines.
    • Nausea - Mild nausea is occasionally reported when consumed in moderate to high dosages and either passes instantly soon after the user has vomited or gradually fades by itself as the peak sets in.
    • Increased blood pressure[citation needed]
    • Increased heart rate[citation needed]
    • Increased perspiration
    • Muscle contractions
    • Muscle spasms
    • Pupil dilation
    • Increased salivation
    • Vasoconstriction - Vasoconstriction may lead to users feeling cold, especially in the extremities.
    • Seizure - The likelihood is largely extrapolated from the seizures that have been reported from the use of LSD. It is thought to mainly be a risk in those who are genetically predisposed to them, particularly while accompanied by physically taxing conditions such as states of dehydration, fatigue, undernourishment or overheating.

Visual effects
 

Cognitive effects
 

Auditory effects
 

Multi-sensory effects
 

    • Synaesthesia - In its fullest manifestation, this is a very rare and non-reproducible effect. Increasing the dosage can increase the likelihood of this occurring, but seems to only be a prominent part of the experience among those who are already predisposed to synaesthetic states.

Transpersonal effects
 

Combination effects

  • Alcohol - Alcohol's central depressant effects can be used to reduce some of the anxiety and tension produced by 1cP-LSD. However, alcohol can cause dehydration, nausea and physical fatigue which can negatively impact the direction of the trip. Users are advised to pace themselves and drink a portion of their usual amount.
  • Benzodiazepines - Benzodiazepines are highly effective at reducing the intensity of 1cP-LSD's effects through the general suppression of brain activity.
  • Cannabis - Cannabis strongly intensifies the sensory and cognitive effects of 1cP-LSD. Extreme caution is advised when using this combination as it can significantly increase the chances of a negative psychological reaction like anxiety, confusion and psychosis. Users are advised to start off with only a fraction of their usual cannabis dose and take long breaks between hits to avoid over intake.
  • Dissociatives - 1cP-LSD enhances the cognitive, visual and general hallucinatory effects of dissociatives. Dissociative-induced holes, spaces, and voids and internal hallucinations become more vivid and intense on 1cP-LSD. These effects correspond with an increased risk of confusion, delusions, and psychosis.
  • MDMA - 1cP-LSD and MDMA are highly synergistic and mutually enhance each other's physical, cognitive, and visual effects. The synergy between these substances is unpredictable, and it is advised to start with markedly lower doses than one would take for each individually. There is some evidence that suggests LSD increases the neurotoxicity of MDMA, which may be relevant to 1cP-LSD as well.[7][8][9]

Experience reports

There are currently 0 experience reports which describe the effects of this substance in our experience index.

Additional experience reports can be found here:

Toxicity and harm potential

 

This toxicity and harm potential section is a stub.

As a result, it may contain incomplete or even dangerously wrong information! You can help by expanding upon or correcting it.
Note: Always conduct independent research and use harm reduction practices if using this substance.

Further information: Research chemicals § Toxicity and harm potential, and Responsible use § Hallucinogens

The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational 1cP-LSD use have not been studied. This is because 1cP-LSD is a research chemical with almost no history of human use.

However, as with LSD and psychedelics in general, it is likely that 1cP-LSD can act as a trigger for those with underlying mental disorders. Those with a personal or family history of mental illness are generally advised not to use this substance, particularly when outside of a supervised medical setting.

It is strongly recommended that one uses harm reduction practices when using this substance.

Overdose

1cP-LSD has no known toxic dose. However, higher doses increase the risk of adverse psychological reactions. These reactions include anxiety, delusions and panic attacks. Medical attention is usually not needed except in the case of severe psychotic episodes or the ingestion of fake acid (such as 25i-NBOMe or DOB). Administration of benzodiazepines or antipsychotics can help to relieve the acute negative cognitive effects of 1cP-LSD.

Dependence and abuse potential

Although no formal studies have been conducted, it is assumed that like LSD itself, 1cP-LSD is non-addictive with a low abuse potential. There are no literature reports of successful attempts to train animals to self-administer LSD — an animal model predictive of abuse liability — indicating that it does not have the necessary pharmacology to either initiate or maintain dependence.[4] Likewise, there is virtually no withdrawal syndrome when chronic use of LSD is stopped.[citation needed] It is likely that 1cP-LSD does not deviate from LSD in this respect.

Tolerance to the effects of 1cP-LSD is built almost immediately after ingestion. After that, it takes about 5-7 days for the tolerance to be reduced to half and 14 days to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). 1cP-LSD produces cross-tolerance with all psychedelics, meaning that after the use of 1cP-LSD they will have a reduced effect.

Dangerous interactions

Warning: Many psychoactive substances that are reasonably safe to use on their own can suddenly become dangerous and even life-threatening when combined with certain other substances. The following list provides some known dangerous interactions (although it is not guaranteed to include all of them).

Always conduct independent research (e.g. Google, DuckDuckGo, PubMed) to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe to consume. Some of the listed interactions have been sourced from TripSit. The following substances are listed on the assumption that 1cP-LSD possesses a similar if not the same dangerous interactions profile as LSD, and may include more due to its status as an unstudied research chemical.

Legal status

 

This legality section is a stub.

As such, it may contain incomplete or wrong information. You can help by expanding it.

  • Canada: 1cP- LSD is unscheduled in Canada.
  • Czech Republic: 1cP-LSD is not a controlled substance, and is not named on the list of illegal substances.[11]
  • Germany: 1cP-LSD is controlled under the NpSG (New Psychoactive Substances Act)[12] as of July 2, 2021.[13] Production and import with the aim to place it on the market, administration to another person and trading is punishable. Possession is illegal but not penalized.[14]
  • Japan: 1cP-LSD is controlled by the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law in Japan, making it illegal to possess or sell.[15]
  • Sweden: Sweden's public health agency suggested classifying 1cP-LSD as a dangerous substance on December 18, 2019.[16]
  • Turkey: 1cP-LSD is a classed as drug and is illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import.[17]
  • United Kingdom: 1cP-LSD is illegal to produce, supply, or import under the Psychoactive Substance Act, which came into effect on May 26, 2016.[18]

See also

External links

Literature

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References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Brandt, Simon D.; Kavanagh, Pierce V.; Westphal, Folker; Stratford, Alexander; Odland, Anna U.; Klein, Adam K.; Dowling, Geraldine; Dempster, Nicola M.; Wallach, Jason; Passie, Torsten; Halberstadt, Adam L. (March 16, 2020). "Return of the lysergamides. Part VI: Analytical and behavioural characterization of 1‐cyclopropanoyl‐d‐lysergic acid diethylamide (1CP‐LSD)". Drug Testing and Analysis. 12 (6): 812–826. doi:10.1002/dta.2789. eISSN 1942-7611. ISSN 1942-7603. OCLC 231680670. PMID 32180350. 
  2. ↑ "1cP-LSD". Google Trends. Retrieved July 14, 2020. 
  3. ↑ Marona-Lewicka, D., Thisted, R. A., Nichols, D. E. (July 2005). "Distinct temporal phases in the behavioral pharmacology of LSD: dopamine D2 receptor-mediated effects in the rat and implications for psychosis". Psychopharmacology. 180 (3): 427–435. doi:10.1007/s00213-005-2183-9. ISSN 0033-3158. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Nichols, D. E. (February 2004). "Hallucinogens". Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 101 (2): 131–181. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2003.11.002. ISSN 0163-7258. 
  5. ↑ Chen, Q., Tesmer, J. J. G. (January 2017). "A Receptor on Acid". Cell. 168 (3): 339–341. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.01.012. ISSN 0092-8674. 
  6. ↑ University of North Carolina Health Care (2017), This is LSD attached to a brain cell serotonin receptor (Update) 
  7. ↑ Armstrong, B. D., Paik, E., Chhith, S., Lelievre, V., Waschek, J. A., Howard, S. G. (September 2004). "Potentiation of (DL)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-induced toxicity by the serotonin 2A receptior partial agonist d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and the protection of same by the serotonin 2A/2C receptor antagonist MDL 11,939". Neuroscience Research Communications. 35 (2): 83–95. doi:10.1002/nrc.20023. ISSN 0893-6609. 
  8. ↑ Gudelsky, G. A., Yamamoto, B. K., Frank Nash, J. (November 1994). "Potentiation of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-induced dopamine release and serotonin neurotoxicity by 5-HT2 receptor agonists". European Journal of Pharmacology. 264 (3): 325–330. doi:10.1016/0014-2999(94)90669-6. ISSN 0014-2999. 
  9. ↑ Capela, J. P., Fernandes, E., Remião, F., Bastos, M. L., Meisel, A., Carvalho, F. (July 2007). "Ecstasy induces apoptosis via 5-HT(2A)-receptor stimulation in cortical neurons". Neurotoxicology. 28 (4): 868–875. doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2007.04.005. ISSN 0161-813X. 
  10. ↑ Talaie, H.; Panahandeh, R.; Fayaznouri, M. R.; Asadi, Z.; Abdollahi, M. (2009). "Dose-independent occurrence of seizure with tramadol". Journal of Medical Toxicology. 5 (2): 63–67. doi:10.1007/BF03161089. ISSN 1556-9039. 
  11. ↑ "Nařízení vlády č. 463/2013 Sb. Nařízení vlády o seznamech návykových látek" (in Czech). Zákony pro lidi. December 18, 2013. 178/2013. 
  12. ↑ "Anlage NpSG" (in German). Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz [Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection]. Retrieved September 16, 2021. 
  13. ↑ "Zweite Verordnung zur Änderung der Anlage des Neue-psychoaktive-Stoffe-Gesetzes" (PDF). Bundesgesetzblatt Jahrgang 2021 Teil I Nr. 38 (in German). Bundesanzeiger Verlag. July 2, 2021. pp. 2231–2243. Retrieved September 16, 2021. 
  14. ↑ "§ 4 NpSG" (in German). Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz [Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection]. Retrieved September 16, 2021. 
  15. ↑ "指定薬物を指定する省令が公布されました" (in Japanese). 厚生労働省 [Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)]. Retrieved March 25, 2021. 
  16. ↑ "Tjugotre ämnen föreslås klassas som narkotika eller hälsofarlig vara" [Twenty-three substances are proposed to be classified as drugs or dangerous goods] (in Swedish). Folkhälsomyndigheten [Public Health Agency of Sweden]. December 18, 2019. Retrieved July 14, 2020. 
  17. ↑ ERDOĞAN, R. T. (2020), CUMHURBAŞKANI KARARI (PDF), Resmî Gazete 
  18. ↑ "Psychoactive Substances Act 2016". legislation.gov.uk. Retrieved July 14, 2020. 
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