DOB

DOB or 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-amphetamine is a molecule of the amphetamine class. Amphetamines are substituted phenethylamines containing a phenyl ring bound to an amino (NH₂) group through an ethyl chain and a methyl group bound to the alpha carbon R_α. DOB contains methoxy functional groups OCH₃ attached to carbons R₂ and R₅ as well as a bromine atom attached to carbon R₄ of the phenyl ring. DOB is the amphetamine analogue of the phenethylamine 2C-B.^[1]

DOB has a stereocenter and R-(–)-DOB is the eutomer. This is an important finding as it is suggestive that it is targeting different receptors relative to most other phenethylamines where the R-isomer serves as the distomer. The toxicity of DOB is not fully known, although high doses may cause serious vasoconstriction of the extremities. DOB is one of the most potent compounds in PiHKAL.

While the active dose is similar to that of DOI, another psychedelic amphetamine, DOB has been shown to have a higher efficacy in triggering downstream effects mediated by 5-HT2 receptors,^[2] making it likely to be slightly more dangerous than DOI in overdose, due to greater vasoconstrictive action. Omission of the amphetamine related α-methyl leads to 2C-B, a compound that possesses a lower affinity for the 5-HT2A receptor and is a weaker receptor agonist which results in drastically reduced vasoconstriction.

DOB's psychedelic effects are believed to come from its efficacy at the 5-HT₂ receptor family as a partial agonist. DOB appears to be quite selective for the 5-HT_2B receptor and is often used in scientific research when studying the 5-HT₂ receptor subfamily. It has been suggested that DOB is a prodrug metabolized in the lungs.^[1][3] Due to its selectivity, DOB is often used in scientific research when studying the 5-HT₂ receptor subfamily. However, the role of these interactions and how they result in the psychedelic experience continues to remain elusive.

Excessively high doses of this hallucinogen may cause diffuse arterial spasm.^[4] The vasospasm responded readily to intra-arterial and intravenous vasodilators, such as tolazoline.

Disclaimer: The effects listed below cite the Subjective Effect Index (SEI), an open research literature based on anecdotal user reports and the personal analyses of PsychonautWiki contributors. As a result, they should be viewed with a healthy degree of skepticism.

It is also worth noting that these effects will not necessarily occur in a predictable or reliable manner, although higher doses are more liable to induce the full spectrum of effects. Likewise, adverse effects become increasingly likely with higher doses and may include addiction, severe injury, or death ☠.

Experience reports

Anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our experience index include:

• Experience:2 tabs DOB - My DOB Nightmare

Additional experience reports can be found here:

• Erowid Experience Vaults: DOB

The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational DOB use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact toxic dose is unknown. This is because DOB is a research chemical with very little history of human usage.

Anecdotal reports from those who have tried DOB suggests that there are no negative health effects attributed to simply trying the substance by itself at low to moderate doses and using it very sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). Independent research should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.

It is strongly recommended that one use harm reduction practices when using this substance.

Tolerance and addiction potential

DOB is not habit-forming, and the desire to use it can decrease with use. It is most often self-regulating.

Tolerance to the effects of DOB is built almost immediately after ingestion. After that, it takes about 4-7 days for the tolerance to be reduced to half and 7-10 days to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). DOB presents cross-tolerance with all psychedelics, meaning that after the consumption of DOB all psychedelics will have a reduced effect.

Overdose

The risk of a DOx overdose is present starting in or past the heavy dose range with sensitive people, or when a DOx is mixed with other substances, particularly stimulants or MAOIs. Non-oral routes also seem to exhibit a higher chance of overdosing, perhaps owing to differences in bioavailability, potency and unpredictability of dosage and effects. The effects of a DOx overdose typically include bizarre, delusional and sometimes violent behavior, amnesia, numbness, confusion and anxiety. The user may not be able to communicate and can be severely agitated. At appropriately high doses, more serious side effects such as psychosis, panic attacks and seizures which in turn further affect a dangerously elevated heart rate, blood pressure and vasoconstriction may occur.^{[citation needed]} Severe vasoconstriction typically develops to its peak several hours into the intoxication and may require medical assistance if blood flow is significantly cut off for extended periods of time.

In the event of an overdose, benzodiazepines or antipsychotics can be administered to mitigate the hyperagitative effects.^{[citation needed]} A powerful vasodilator may also need to be administered to prevent a hypertensive emergency, or in more serious cases, necrosis, organ failure and death from the resulting hypoxia.^{[citation needed]} As a result, emergency medical services should always be sought in the event of a DOx overdose.

Dangerous interactions

Warning: Many psychoactive substances that are reasonably safe to use on their own can suddenly become dangerous and even life-threatening when combined with certain other substances. The following list provides some known dangerous interactions (although it is not guaranteed to include all of them).

Always conduct independent research (e.g. Google, DuckDuckGo, PubMed) to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe to consume. Some of the listed interactions have been sourced from TripSit.

• Lithium - Lithium is commonly prescribed for the treatment of bipolar disorder. There is a large body of anecdotal evidence that suggests taking it with psychedelics significantly increases the risk of psychosis and seizures. As a result, this combination is strictly discouraged.
• Cannabis - Cannabis may have an unexpectedly strong and unpredictable synergy with the effects of DOB. Caution is advised with this combination as it can significantly increase the risk of adverse psychological reactions like anxiety, paranoia, panic attacks, and psychosis. Users are advised to start off with only a fraction of their normal cannabis dose and take long breaks between hits to avoid unintentional overdose.
• Stimulants - Stimulants like amphetamine, cocaine or methylphenidate affect many parts of the brain and alter dopaminergic function. This combination can increase the risk of anxiety, paranoia, panic attacks, and thought loops. This interaction may also result in an elevated risk of mania and psychosis.^{[citation needed]}
• Tramadol - Tramadol is well-documented to lower the seizure threshold^[5] and psychedelics may act to trigger seizures in susceptible individuals.^{[citation needed]}

Internationally, DOB is a Schedule I drug under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances.^[6]

• Australia: DOB is listed as a Schedule II substance in Australia.^{[citation needed]}
• Austria: DOB is illegal to possess, produce and sell under the SMG (Suchtmittelgesetz Österreich).^{[citation needed]}
• Canada: DOB is listed as a Schedule 1 as it is an analogue of amphetamine.^[7]
• Germany: DOB is controlled under Anlage I BtMG (Narcotics Act, Schedule I)^[8] as of September 1, 1984.^[9] It is illegal to manufacture, possess, import, export, buy, sell, procure or dispense it without a license.^[10]
• Latvia: DOB is a Schedule I controlled substance.^[11]
• New Zealand: DOB is Schedule I (Class A) in New Zealand.^{[citation needed]} DOB would also qualify as an analogue under New Zealand's catch-all analogues section in Schedule 3 / Class C of their drug laws which would make 2C-I, 2C-E, DOI, DOB, ephedrine and pseudoephedrine Schedule 3 compounds in the country.^{[citation needed]}
• Poland: DOB is controlled in Poland.^[12]
• Romania: DOB is a controlled substance, classified as a high-risk drug.^[13]
• Switzerland: DOB is a controlled substance specifically named under Verzeichnis D.^[14]
• United Kingdom: DOB is Schedule I/Class A in the U.K., making it illegal to sell, buy, or possess without a license.^{[citation needed]}
• United States: DOB is Schedule I in the U.S., making it illegal to sell, buy, gift, produce or possess without a DEA license.^{[citation needed]}

• Responsible use
• Research chemical
• Substituted amphetamine
• Phenethylamine
• DOx
• DOC
• DOM
• 2C-B

• DOB (Wikipedia)
• DOB (Erowid Vault)
• DOB (PiHKAL / Isomer Design)

Discussion

• The Big & Dandy DOB Thread (Bluelight)